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The Moirai land data system, written in C and R, is designed to produce recent historical land inputs for an integrated human-Earth systems model. The primary function of Moirai is to combine spatially explicit input data (e.g., raster images) with tabular input data (e.g., crop price table) to generate spatially-referenced tabular data of crop production, crop harvested area, land value, irrigated and rainfed crop area, water footprint, soil and vegetation carbon density of unmanaged land, and historical land use/cover. These data are aggregated to user-defined geographic boundaries within 231 countries, and the default boundaries are defined globally by 235 watersheds.more » The production, harvested area, and land value outputs reconstruct those available from the Global Trade Analysis Project, while the other outputs provide additional information for various applications. Furthermore, Moirai is a modular system that can be updated and customized through replacement and addition of source data.« less